Toll-like receptors (TLRs) sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns originating from invading microorganisms and initiate innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors 8 and 7 (TLR8 and TLR7) are endosomal immune receptors and take a key role in innate and adaptive immunity. As a transmembrane receptor, TLR8 could recognize single-stranded RNA. Activation of TLR8 and TLR7 lead to immune cell stimulation and inflammatory cytokine production, which is normally a protective host response.
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