分子别名（Synonym）
GM-CSF,CSF2,MGC131935
表达区间及表达系统（Source）
ActiveMax® Human GM-CSF, Tag Free (GMF-H4214) is expressed from human 293 cells (HEK293). It contains AA Ala 18 - Glu 144 (Accession # NP_000749.2).
Predicted N-terminus: Ala 18
Request for sequence
蛋白结构（Molecular Characterization）
This protein carries no "tag".
The protein has a calculated MW of 14.5 kDa. The protein migrates as 18-26 kDa under reducing (R) condition (SDS-PAGE) due to glycosylation.
内毒素（Endotoxin）
Less than 0.1 EU per μg by the LAL method.
无菌（Sterility）
The sterility testing was performed by membrane filtration method described in USP <71> and Eur. Ph. 2.6.1.
纯度（Purity）
>95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
制剂（Formulation）
Lyophilized from 0.22 μm filtered solution in PBS, pH7.4. Normally trehalose is added as protectant before lyophilization.
Contact us for customized product form or formulation.
重构方法（Reconstitution）
Please see Certificate of Analysis for specific instructions.
For best performance, we strongly recommend you to follow the reconstitution protocol provided in the CoA.
存储（Storage）
For long term storage, the product should be stored at lyophilized state at -20°C or lower.
Please avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
This product is stable after storage at:
- -20°C to -70°C for 12 months in lyophilized state;
- -70°C for 3 months under sterile conditions after reconstitution.
电泳（SDS-PAGE）
ActiveMax® Human GM-CSF, Tag Free on SDS-PAGE under reducing (R) condition. The gel was stained overnight with Coomassie Blue. The purity of the protein is greater than 95%.
活性（Bioactivity）-ELISA
Immobilized ActiveMax® Human GM-CSF, Tag Free (Cat. No. GMF-H4214) at 1 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind Human GM-CSF R alpha, Fc Tag (Cat. No. GRA-H5255) with a linear range of 0.5-16 ng/mL (QC tested).
Protocol
活性（Bioactivity）-BLI
Loaded Human GM-CSF R alpha, Fc Tag (Cat. No. GRA-H5255) on Protein A Biosensor, can bind ActiveMax® Human GM-CSF, Tag Free (Cat. No. GMF-H4214) with an affinity constant of 9.21 nM as determined in BLI assay (ForteBio Octet Red96e) (Routinely tested).
Protocol
活性（Bioactivity）-Cell based assay
The bio-activity was determined by dose-dependent stimulation of the proliferation of TF-1 cells. The ED50 < 0.1 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity of > 1x107 Unit/mg.
Protocol
文献引用（Citations）
Authors: Hu J, Wang C, Huang X, et al.
Journal: Cell reports 2021
Application: Cell culture
Authors: Huang X, Yi S, Hu J, et al.
Journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020
Application: Cell culture
Authors: Yi, S., et al.
Journal: Immunology and Microbiology 2018
Application: Cell Culture
Authors: He Y, et al.
Journal: Br J Ophthalmol 2018
Application: Cell Culture
背景（Background）
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is also known as Colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage), is a cytokine initially characterized by its ability to induce colonies of granulocytes and macrophages from myeloid progenitor cells, and is secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. GM-CSF is a cytokine that functions as a white blood cell growth factor. GM-CSF stimulates stem cells to produce granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and monocytes. Monocytes exitthe circulation and migrate into tissue, whereupon they mature into macrophages and dendritic cells. Thus, it is part of the immune/inflammatory cascade, by which activation of a small number of macrophages can rapidly lead to an increase in their numbers, a process crucial for fighting infection. The active form of the protein is found extracellularly as a homodimer. Human GM-CSF glycosylated in its mature form. As a part of the immune/inflammatory cascade, GM-CSF promotes Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity, and thus worthy of consideration for therapeutic target. GM-CSF has also recently been evaluated in clinical trials for its potential as a vaccine adjuvant in HIV-infected patients. The preliminary results have been promising. GM-CSF is also used as a medication to stimulate the production of white blood cells following chemotherapy.
